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Friedrich Zander
Friedrich Zander ((ロシア語:Фридрих Артурович Цандер) ''Fridrikh Arturovich Tsander''. (ラトビア語:Frīdrihs Canders), – 28 March 1933), was a Baltic German pioneer of rocketry and spaceflight in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. He designed the first liquid-fueled rocket to be launched in the Soviet Union, GIRD-X, and made many important theoretical contributions to the road to space.
==Biography==
Zander was born in Riga, Russian Empire, into a Baltic German family.〔''Friedrich Zander (born into a German family in Riga, Latvia)'', T Romanovskis, ''Comment on ‘Families of Keplerian orbits’'', European Journal of Physics Eur. J. Phys. 25 (2004) L17–L19 PII: S0143-0807(04)64910-5 ()〕〔''Another distinguished German from Riga was Friedrich Zander (1887-1933), who graduated from the Mechanics Department of Riga Polytechnic Institute in 1914 and remained there to pursue research which culminated in the construction of the first rocket.'', Contribution of Baltic Germans to Science (The Latvian Institute )〕 His father Artur was a doctor, but Friedrich Zander was fascinated by other natural sciences. Zander was enrolled in the Riga urban technical high school in 1898, for a seven-year program in which he was a top student. During this time, he became acquainted with the work of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and space travel became his foremost scientific passion. While studying engineering at the Riga Polytechnic Institute, he carried out trajectory calculations for a flight to Mars. Mars held a special fascination to Zander, and "Forward to Mars!" (Вперед, на Марс!) became his famous motto.
He graduated with his engineering degree in 1914, moved to Moscow in 1915. He worked at the "Provodnik" rubber plant, then in 1919 worked at Aircraft Factory No. 4 ("Motor"). In 1923, he was married to A.F. Milyukova, and they had a daughter named Astra and a son named Mercury. Mercury died of scarlet fever in 1929. After several years of unemployment and intensive research on rocketry and space travel, in 1926, Tsander began work at the Central Design Bureau of Aviation, and in 1930 worked at the Central Institute of Aviation Motor Construction (TsIAM).〔Tsander, FA, "Autobiography of Fridrikh Arturovich Tsander, Production Engineer" (in Russian), March 12, 1927.〕〔Freeman, Marsha, "The contributions of Fridrikh Tsander: a memoir", Acta Astronautica 52 (2003) 591-599.〕〔Petrovich, G.V., "The Soviet Encyclopedia of Space Flight", p 468, University Press of the Pacific, 2002〕
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